مراجعةٌ نقديَّةٌ لبعضِ آراءِ الطبري التفسيرية (سورةُ الواقعةِ أنموذجًا)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/jad.v25i2a7Abstract
This research critically analyzes Imam al-Ṭabarī’s interpretive positions in Jāmiʿ al-Bayān ʿan Taʾwīl Āy al-Qurʾān, particularly where his methodology diverges from conventional Qur’anic exegesis. While renowned for his tradition-based approach (tafsīr bi al-maʾthūr), al-Ṭabarī occasionally questions mutawātir readings or employs figurative interpretations without explicit linguistics or contextual grounds. Employing a descriptive-inductive method, this research examines his views within the frameworks of qirāʾāt, uṣūl al-fiqh, and Arabic linguistics. The findings portray al-Ṭabarī as a balanced scholar who harmonized transmitted knowledge with rational inquiry. His interpretive model exemplifies intellectual moderation and offers a foundation for revitalizing Qur’anic studies through evidence-based engagement that bridges classical heritage with contemporary critical discourse. The research concludes that al-Ṭabarī’s approach embodies intellectual moderation, promoting an evidence-based engagement with classical tafsīr that preserves scholarly heritage while addressing contemporary academic and religious needs.
الملخّص
تتناول هذه الدراسةُ جملةً من آراء الإمام الطبري التفسيرية في كتابه "جامع البيان عن تأويل آي القرآن" تناولًا نقديًّا، مع التركيز على المواضع التي أثارت إشكالات منهجية تتعلّق بموقفه من القراءات القرآنية، والقواعد الأصولية، والدلالات اللغوية. فعلى الرغم من أن الطبري يُعدّ من أبرز رموز التفسير بالمأثور، فإنّ بعض آرائه خالف ما استقرّ عليه جمهور العلماء، كتضعيفه لبعض القراءات المتواترة، أو حمله لبعض الألفاظ على المعنى المجازي دون قرينة صارفة عن المعنى الحقيقة. وتعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي، بجمع الأقوال وتوثيقها من المصادر الأصيلة، ثم تحليلها في ضوء القواعد الأصولية واللغوية المعتمدة، مع الرجوع إلى كتب التفسير والقراءات والنحو. وتهدف الدراسة إلى إبراز شخصية الطبري كمفسر يتّسم بالوسطية والاعتدال في الفكر، يجمع بين النقد والتحليل، ويوازن بين الرواية والدراية، مما يُبرز أهمية منهجه في قراءة النصوص بعيدًا عن التقليد أو التقديس غير المعلّل. وتخلص الدراسة إلى الدعوة إلى إحياء المنهج العلمي النقدي في التعامل مع التراث التفسيري، بما يُسهم في تجديد علوم التفسير وربطها بمتطلبات العصر.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis secara kritis posisi interpretatif Imam al-Ṭabarī dalam Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān, khususnya di mana metodologinya menyimpang dari tafsir Al-Qur’an konvensional. Meskipun terkenal dengan pendekatan berbasis tradisi (tafsir bi al-maʾthūr), al-Ṭabarī terkadang mempertanyakan pembacaan mutawātir atau menggunakan interpretasi figuratif tanpa linguistik eksplisit atau landasan kontekstual. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-induktif, penelitian ini mengkaji pandangannya dalam kerangka qirāʾāt, uṣūl al-fiqh, dan linguistik Arab. Temuan-temuan ini menggambarkan al-Ṭabarī sebagai seorang ulama yang seimbang yang menyelaraskan pengetahuan yang disampaikan dengan penyelidikan rasional. Model interpretatifnya mencontohkan moderasi intelektual dan menawarkan landasan bagi revitalisasi studi Al-Qur'an melalui keterlibatan berbasis bukti yang menjembatani warisan klasik dengan wacana kritis kontemporer. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan al-Ṭabarī mewujudkan moderasi intelektual, mendorong keterlibatan berbasis bukti dengan tafsir klasik yang melestarikan warisan keilmuan sekaligus menjawab kebutuhan akademis dan keagamaan kontemporer.
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