Human Rights Protection for Victims of Human Trafficking
A Normative Analysis of Law Number 21 of 2007
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.62657Keywords:
Human Trafficking, Human Rights, Non-Derogable Rights, Law No. 21 of 2007Abstract
Human trafficking constitutes a serious crime that violates human dignity and fundamental human rights. This research analyzes two main issues: (1) the implementation of human trafficking regulations as part of human rights protection in Indonesia; and (2) the categorization of human trafficking within the spectrum of derogable rights or non-derogable rights. The research method employs a normative juridical approach with a statute approach and conceptual approach. Primary data sources include Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Human Trafficking, Presidential Regulation No. 69 of 2008 on the Task Force for Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking, and international human rights legal instruments, while secondary data consist of legal literature, scientific journals, and academic documents related to human trafficking and human rights. Research findings indicate that the implementation of human trafficking regulations has experienced significant development since the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2007, which was strengthened by the establishment of the Task Force through Presidential Regulation No. 69 of 2008 as the coordinator for prevention and handling of human trafficking. Human trafficking falls within the category of non-derogable rights as it violates three fundamental rights that cannot be reduced under any circumstances: the right to life, the right to be free from torture, and the right to be free from slavery. Human trafficking constitutes a serious human rights violation requiring comprehensive legal protection through national regulatory frameworks and commitment to international human rights standards.
References
Alfitra, Candra, S., & Hidayat, R. (2021). Faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana perdagangan orang (human trafficking) di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(2), 45-62.
Bales, K. (2005). Understanding global slavery: A reader. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bareskrim Polri. (2022). Laporan tahunan tindak pidana perdagangan orang tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.
Bosma, U., & Raben, R. (2008). Being 'Dutch' in the Indies: A history of creolisation and empire, 1500-1920. Singapore: NUS Press.
Carey, P. (2008). The power of prophecy: Prince Dipanagara and the end of an old order in Java, 1785-1855. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Donnelly, J. (2013). Universal human rights in theory and practice (3rd ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Gosita, A. (2004). Masalah korban kejahatan. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer.
Gultom, M. (2020). Implementasi ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons dalam hukum nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 50(1), 89-108.
Harkrisnowo, H. (2017). Trafficking in persons: Perspektif hukum pidana Indonesia dan hukum internasional. Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, 12(3), 201-220.
Hicks, G. (1995). The comfort women: Japan's brutal regime of enforced prostitution in the Second World War. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2021). Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage. Geneva: ILO Publications.
Juliana, R., & Arifin, R. (2018). Anak dan kejahatan: Faktor penyebab dan perlindungan hukum. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 25(2), 336-353.
Kempadoo, K., & Doezema, J. (1998). Global sex workers: Rights, resistance, and redefinition. London: Routledge.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (KPPPA). (2023). Profil anak Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: KPPPA.
Kusuma, A. W. (2020). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang: Kajian viktimologis. Jurnal Yudisial, 13(1), 77-95.
Locke, J. (1689/2003). Two treatises of government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum: Edisi revisi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Prasetyo, T. (2022). Efektivitas penegakan hukum tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 11(2), 189-206.
Republik Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Republik Indonesia. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 165.
Republik Indonesia. (2005). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2005 Nomor 119.
Republik Indonesia. (2007). Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007 Nomor 58.
Republik Indonesia. (2008). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 69 Tahun 2008 tentang Gugus Tugas Pencegahan dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.
Republik Indonesia. (2011). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 Nomor 82.
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 297.
Republik Indonesia. (2017). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Pengesahan ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2017 Nomor 92.
Rosenberg, R. (2003). Trafficking of women and children in Indonesia. Jakarta: International Catholic Migration Commission & American Center for International Labor Solidarity.
Rosenberg, R. (2023). Human trafficking in Indonesia: Contemporary patterns and responses. Asian Journal of Criminology, 18(2), 145-168.
Scarpa, S. (2008). Trafficking in human beings: Modern slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schafer, S. (1968). The victim and his criminal: A study in functional responsibility. New York: Random House.
Soh, C. S. (2008). The comfort women: Sexual violence and postcolonial memory in Korea and Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Suhartini, L. (2019). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Responsif, 6(6), 42-58.
United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III).
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. UN General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI).
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. UN Doc. A/RES/55/25.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2020). Global report on trafficking in persons 2020. Vienna: United Nations.
Wijayanta, T. (2019). Perlindungan saksi dan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 8(1), 119-140.
Wijers, M., & Lap-Chew, L. (1997). Trafficking in women, forced labour and slavery-like practices in marriage, domestic labour and prostitution. Utrecht: Foundation Against Trafficking in Women.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcelino Dennis Lesmana, Herry Firmansyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
