ANALISIS FATWA MUI TERHADAP WAKTU SALAT DI DAERAH KUTUB PERSPEKTIF KAIDAH-KAIDAH FIQH

Abstract

This study examines the application of the Islamic legal maxim al-masyaqqah tajlibu at-taisir (hardship begets ease) in determining prayer times in polar regions that experience extreme daylight and nighttime phenomena, focusing primarily on the analysis of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Fatwa. Employing a qualitative approach with a library research method that draws upon both classical and contemporary sources of Islamic jurisprudence, this study aims to address two main issues: (1) what forms of hardship are encountered by Muslims in determining prayer times in polar regions, and (2) how do fiqh principles play a role in establishing prayer times in such areas. The findings reveal that the MUI adopts two main approaches: following the prayer times of the nearest country with normal day-night cycles, or using a rational calculation system that considers public benefit (maslahah) and avoids excessive difficulty. The implementation of the maxim al-masyaqqah tajlibu at-taisir in this context reflects the flexibility of Islamic law in responding to extreme geographical conditions without compromising the fundamental values of Sharia and the obligatory nature of worship. This legal maxim serves as a crucial instrument for maintaining balance between religious obligations and the realities of Muslim life in non-tropical regions. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for more intensive dissemination of the fatwa to ensure consistent understanding and application among Muslim communities living in high-latitude areas. The findings also open opportunities for the development of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence that is adaptive to global phenomena, particularly in addressing religious challenges in extreme regions that are becoming increasingly relevant in today’s interconnected world.