KRITIK TERHADAP PENGATURAN DENDA WANPRESTASI DALAM KOMPILASI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH PERSPEKTIF ETIKA HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM

Abstract

Abstrak

Pertumbuhan pesat perbankan syariah di Indonesia telah memperluas praktik transaksi berbasis syariah sekaligus memunculkan persoalan wanprestasi yang menuntut adanya pengaturan denda yang adil. Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) menjadi rujukan utama, namun praktik peradilan menunjukkan variasi penerapan sehingga menimbulkan ketegangan antara norma formal dan keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-filosofis melalui kajian kepustakaan, menelaah pengaturan denda dalam KHES berdasarkan etika hukum ekonomi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif KHES dan Fatwa DSN-MUI telah selaras dengan prinsip keadilan, larangan riba, dan maṣlaḥah, namun rumusan denda masih terlalu umum, kurang melindungi pihak lemah, serta belum menegaskan aspek kemaslahatan publik. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan denda perlu direformulasi agar lebih proporsional, transparan, dan berbasis verifikasi kemampuan. Disarankan adanya perbaikan regulatif melalui penetapan parameter besaran denda, mekanisme asesmen kemampuan nasabah, serta harmonisasi antara norma positif dan etika syariah guna memperkuat keadilan dalam praktik ekonomi syariah.

Kata Kunci: Denda, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Etika Ekonomi Islam.

Abstract

The rapid growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia has expanded Sharia-compliant transaction practices while simultaneously raising issues of default, which demand fair fines. The Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES) serves as the primary reference, but judicial practice exhibits variations in its application, creating tension between formal norms and substantive justice. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative-philosophical approach through a literature review, examining the fines stipulated in the KHES based on Islamic economic legal ethics. The results indicate that normatively, the KHES and the DSN-MUI Fatwa align with the principles of justice, the prohibition of usury, and maṣlaḥah. However, the fine formulation remains too general, inadequately protects the vulnerable, and fails to emphasize the public interest. The study concludes that fine regulations need to be reformulated to be more proportional, transparent, and based on verification of ability. Regulatory improvements are recommended through establishing fine parameters, assessing customer ability, and harmonizing positive norms and Sharia ethics to strengthen fairness in Sharia economic practices.

Keywords: Fines, Compilation of Sharia Economic Law, Islamic Economic Ethics.