MENCEGAH LEGALISASI TINDAKAN ULTRA VIRES MELALUI STRUKTUR HIERARKIS: HUBUNGAN PRESUMPTIO IUSTAE CAUSA DAN PRINSIP LEGALITAS DALAM HUKUM ADMINISTRASI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.63250Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji posisi hierarkis asas Presumptio Iustae Causa terhadap Prinsip Legalitas dalam hukum administrasi Indonesia dengan menggunakan struktur teori hukum Gabriel Hallevy. Permasalahan muncul akibat penerapan presumption yang mengesampingkan uji legalitas, yang mengakibatkan legalisasi tindakan ultra vires dalam praktik pengadilan tata usaha negara (PTUN). Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat normatif yuridis, dengan analisis putusan PTUN dan kajian literatur relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asas Presumptio Iustae Causa harus dipahami sebagai prinsip sekunder di bawah Prinsip Legalitas sebagai prinsip fundamental. Penempatan hierarkis yang benar ini penting untuk mencegah pengesampingan legalitas, menjaga koherensi sistem hukum administrasi, dan memperkuat supremasi hukum. Rekomendasi penelitian ini mencakup penerapan prinsip “uji legalitas terlebih dahulu, baru presumption” dalam praktik PTUN dan pengkodifikasian hierarki prinsip untuk mempertegas kedudukan asas tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Administrasi, Presumptio Iustae Causa, Prinsip Legalitas, Struktur Hierarkis, Ultra Vires.
Abstract
This study examines the hierarchical position of the Presumptio Iustae Causa principle in relation to the Principle of Legality within Indonesian administrative law using Gabriel Hallevy’s legal theory framework. Problems arise from the application of presumption overriding legality tests, resulting in the legalization of ultra vires acts in administrative court (PTUN) practice. The research employs normative juridical methods with analysis of court decisions and relevant literature. Results show that Presumptio Iustae Causa should be understood as a secondary principle subordinate to the fundamental Principle of Legality. Correct hierarchical positioning is crucial to prevent the overriding of legality, maintain coherence in the administrative law system, and strengthen the rule of law. Recommendations include applying the principle of "legality test first, then presumption" in PTUN practice and codifying the hierarchy of principles to clarify the position of the doctrine.
Keywords: Administrative Law, Hierarchical Structure, Presumptio Iustae Causa, Principle of Legality, Ultra Vires,
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