HUKUM KODRAT SEBAGAI SUMBER NORMA DALAM PUTUSAN MK NO. 46/PUU-VIII/2010: TELAAH FILOSOFIS DAN YURIDIS DENGAN PARADIGMA CRITICAL THEORY GUBA-LINCOLN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.63846Abstract
Abstrak
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Anak di Luar Perkawinan menjadi tonggak penting dalam diskursus hukum Indonesia karena menggunakan prinsip hukum kodrat sebagai landasan filosofis. Penelitian ini menganalisis penggunaan hukum kodrat Thomas Aquinas sebagai sumber norma dalam putusan tersebut melalui paradigma Critical Theory Guba-Lincoln. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan analisis kritis terhadap pertimbangan hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MK menggunakan prinsip keadilan natural dan martabat manusia yang inheren dalam hukum kodrat untuk melindungi hak anak di luar perkawinan. Melalui paradigma Critical Theory, terungkap bahwa putusan ini mencerminkan transformasi emansipatoris dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, dari paradigma positivistik-legalistik menuju paradigma yang mengakui nilai-nilai universal kemanusiaan. Putusan ini menunjukkan dialektika antara hukum positif dan hukum kodrat, di mana keadilan substantif diprioritaskan di atas formalitas hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum kodrat dapat menjadi instrumen kritik terhadap hukum positif yang diskriminatif dan berperan sebagai katalisator perubahan sosial-hukum yang lebih berkeadilan.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Kodrat, Thomas Aquinas, Critical Theory, Guba-Lincoln, Hak Anak.
Abstract
The Constitutional Court's Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning Children Born Outside of Wedlock became a significant milestone in Indonesian legal discourse because it used the principle of natural law as its philosophical foundation. This study analyzes the use of Thomas Aquinas's natural law as a source of norms in the decision through the Guba-Lincoln Critical Theory paradigm. The research method used is a juridical-normative approach with a philosophical approach and critical analysis of the judges' reasoning. The results show that the Constitutional Court used the principles of natural justice and human dignity inherent in natural law to protect the rights of children born outside of wedlock. Through the Critical Theory paradigm, it is revealed that this decision reflects an emancipatory transformation in the Indonesian legal system, from a positivistic-legalistic paradigm to one that recognizes universal human values. This decision demonstrates the dialectic between positive law and natural law, where substantive justice is prioritized over legal formalities. This study concludes that natural law can serve as an instrument for criticizing discriminatory positive law and act as a catalyst for more just socio-legal change.
Keywords: Natural Law, Thomas Aquinas, Critical Theory, Guba-Lincoln, Children's Rights.
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