Pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik Sekolah Terhadap Perilaku Bullying: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/nature.v12i1a10Kata Kunci:
Lingkungan Fisik Sekolah, CPTED, SLR, BullyingAbstrak
Lingkungan fisik sekolah berperan penting dalam membentuk perilaku sosial siswa, termasuk dalam mencegah bullying. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh desain lingkungan fisik terhadap bullying melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Fokus kajian mencakup visibilitas, pengawasan, serta penerapan prinsip Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) dalam desain sekolah. Literatur dikumpulkan dari database seperti ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar, dengan kata kunci “school bullying” pada rentang 2014–2024. Studi yang dipilih merupakan penelitian empiris dalam disiplin ilmu sosial, psikologi, dan kesehatan, yang membahas hubungan desain fisik sekolah dan bullying. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi yang meneliti desain fisik dengan fokus pada keamanan dan pengawasan, serta dampaknya terhadap pengurangan bullying. Studi non-empiris atau yang tidak relevan dikecualikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prinsip CPTED, seperti peningkatan visibilitas dan pengawasan alami, efektif menurunkan kejadian bullying. Area yang terbuka dan mudah diawasi terbukti lebih aman dibandingkan area tersembunyi. Selain itu, desain yang menunjang kenyamanan siswa turut meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikososial dan mencegah risiko gangguan mental di masa depan. Kajian ini juga menyajikan ilustrasi desain sekolah berbasis CPTED sebagai rekomendasi praktis dalam mendukung kebijakan anti-bullying di lingkungan pendidikan.
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