RESTORATIF JUSTICE DALAM MAQASID AL-SHARIAH: FONDASI PERDAMAIAN DALAM HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.59055Abstract
Abstrak
Kajian ini membahas keterkaitan antara pendekatan keadilan restoratif dan prinsip Maqasid al-Shariah dalam kerangka pembangunan hukum Islam yang berorientasi pada keadilan substantif dan perdamaian sosial. Restorative justice muncul sebagai respons atas berbagai persoalan dalam sistem peradilan konvensional, seperti penumpukan perkara, overkriminalisasi, serta ketidakpuasan publik terhadap proses hukum yang terlalu prosedural namun kurang menyentuh nilai keadilan yang dirasakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode normatif-konseptual, yang memanfaatkan sumber-sumber hukum Islam klasik, dokumen hukum positif, serta literatur akademik kontemporer. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip utama dalam restorative justice—seperti pemulihan hubungan, pemaafan, dan rekonsiliasi—memiliki keselarasan substansial dengan lima tujuan pokok maqasid, yaitu menjaga agama, jiwa, akal, harta, dan kehormatan. Instrumen seperti sulh (perdamaian), afwu (pemaafan), dan diat (kompensasi) dalam tradisi hukum Islam mencerminkan penerapan nilai-nilai restoratif yang telah lama diakomodasi dalam syariat. Integrasi antara kedua pendekatan ini membuka peluang bagi rekonstruksi paradigma hukum Islam yang lebih responsif terhadap realitas sosial dan tantangan hukum kontemporer, serta menawarkan model penyelesaian sengketa yang humanis dan partisipatif.
Kata Kunci: Restorative Justice, Maqasid al-Shariah, Hukum Islam
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between restorative justice and the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah within the framework of developing an Islamic legal system that emphasizes substantive justice and social peace. Restorative justice emerges as a response to various challenges in conventional legal systems, including case overload, over-criminalization, and public dissatisfaction with rigid procedural processes that often fail to deliver felt justice. This research employs a qualitative approach using a normative-conceptual method, analyzing classical Islamic legal texts, national legal regulations, and contemporary academic literature. The findings indicate that the core principles of restorative justice—such as social repair, forgiveness, and reconciliation—are substantially aligned with the five essential objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah: the protection of religion, life, intellect, property, and dignity. Legal instruments such as sulh (reconciliation), afwu (forgiveness), and diat (compensation) reflect the practical application of restorative values that have long been recognized within Islamic law. The integration of these two paradigms offers a foundation for reconstructing Islamic legal thought in a way that is more responsive to contemporary socio-legal challenges, while also presenting a participatory and humane model for dispute resolution.
Keywords: Restorative Justice, Maqasid al-Shariah, Islamic Law
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